$ \def\mark{\rlap{\normalsize\textstyle |}\kern 1px} $

Syntax for $\rm\TeX$ Commands available in MathJax

The following syntax is used in TeX Commands available in MathJax:

DIMENSION UNITS:

em a relative measure;
depends on current font		 approximately the width of
capital ‘M’ in current font		 $1\text{ em}$ spaces:
$\mark\hskip1em\mark\hskip 1em\mark\ $ compare with M in a small font
$\mark\hskip1em\mark\hskip 1em\mark\ $ compare with M in a medium font
$\mark\hskip1em\mark\hskip 1em\mark\ $ compare with M in a large font
${\scriptstyle\mark\hskip1em\mark\hskip 1em\mark}\ $ in scriptstyle (medium font)
${\scriptscriptstyle\mark\hskip1em\mark\hskip 1em\mark}\ $ in scriptscriptstyle (medium font)
ex a relative measure;
depends on current font		 $1\text{ ex} = 0.43\text{ em}$

approximately the height of
lowercase ‘x’ in current font;
gives information about the height of lowercase letters		 $1\text{ ex}$ spaces:
$\mark\hskip1ex\mark\hskip 1ex\mark\ $ compare with x in a small font
$\mark\hskip1ex\mark\hskip 1ex\mark\ $ compare with x in a medium font
$\mark\hskip1ex\mark\hskip 1ex\mark\ $ compare with x in a large font
${\scriptstyle\mark\hskip1ex\mark\hskip 1ex\mark}\ $ in scriptstyle (medium font)
${\scriptscriptstyle\mark\hskip1ex\mark\hskip 1ex\mark}\ $ in scriptscriptstyle (medium font)
pt point

a relative measure;
depends on current font;
not affected by superscript level 		$1\text{ pt} = \frac{1}{10}\text{em}$ $10\text{ pt}$ ($1\text{ em}$) spaces:
$\mark\hskip 10pt\mark\hskip 10pt\mark\ $ in a small font
$\mark\hskip 10pt\mark\hskip 10pt\mark\ $ in a medium font
$\mark\hskip 10pt\mark\hskip 10pt\mark\ $ in a large font
${\scriptstyle\mark\hskip 10pt\mark\hskip 10pt\mark}\ $ in scriptstyle (medium font)
${\scriptscriptstyle\mark\hskip 10pt\mark\hskip 10pt\mark}\ $ in scriptscriptstyle (medium font)
pc pica

a relative measure;
depends on current font;
not affected by superscript level 		$1\text{ pc} = 12\text{ pt}$ $1\text{ pc}$ spaces:
$\mark\hskip 1pc\mark\hskip 1pc\mark\ $ in a small font
$\mark\hskip 1pc\mark\hskip 1pc\mark\ $ in a medium font
$\mark\hskip 1pc\mark\hskip 1pc\mark\ $ in a large font
${\scriptstyle\mark\hskip 1pc\mark\hskip 1pc\mark}\ $ in scriptstyle (medium font)
${\scriptscriptstyle\mark\hskip 1pc\mark\hskip 1pc\mark}\ $ in scriptscriptstyle (medium font)
mu a relative measure;
depends on current font;
changes with superscript level 		$1\text{ mu} = \frac{1}{18}\text{em}$ $18\text{ mu}$ ($1\text{ em}$) spaces:
$\mark\hskip 18mu\mark\hskip 18mu\mark\ $ in a small font
$\mark\hskip 18mu\mark\hskip 18mu\mark\ $ in a medium font
$\mark\hskip 18mu\mark\hskip 18mu\mark\ $ in a large font
${\scriptstyle\mark\hskip 18mu\mark\hskip 18mu\mark}\ $ in scriptstyle (medium font)
${\scriptscriptstyle\mark\hskip 18mu\mark\hskip 18mu\mark}\ $ in scriptscriptstyle (medium font)
cm
mm		 centimeter
millimeter

absolute measure;
does not depend on current font		 $10\text{ mm} = 1\text{ cm}$ $1\text{ cm}$ ($\,10\text{ mm}\,$) spaces:
$\mark\hskip1cm\mark\hskip 1cm\mark\ $ in a small font
$\mark\hskip1cm\mark\hskip 1cm\mark\ $ in a medium font
$\mark\hskip1cm\mark\hskip 1cm\mark\ $ in a large font
${\scriptstyle\mark\hskip1cm\mark\hskip 1cm\mark}\ $ in scriptstyle (medium font)
${\scriptscriptstyle\mark\hskip1cm\mark\hskip 1cm\mark}\ $ in scriptscriptstyle (medium font)
in inch

absolute measure;
does not depend on current font		 $1\text{ in} = 2.54\text{ cm}$ $1\text{ in}$ spaces:
$\mark\hskip1in\mark\ $ in a small font
$\mark\hskip1in\mark\ $ in a medium font
$\mark\hskip1in\mark\ $ in a large font
${\scriptstyle\mark\hskip1in\mark}\ $ in scriptstyle (medium font)
${\scriptscriptstyle\mark\hskip1in\mark}\ $ in scriptscriptstyle (medium font)
px screen pixel $10\text{ px}$ spaces on your own screen:
$\mark\hskip10px\mark\hskip 10px\mark\ $ in a small font
$\mark\hskip10px\mark\hskip 10px\mark\ $ in a medium font
$\mark\hskip10px\mark\hskip 10px\mark\ $ in a large font
${\scriptstyle\mark\hskip10px\mark\hskip 10px\mark}\ $ in scriptstyle (medium font)
${\scriptscriptstyle\mark\hskip10px\mark\hskip 10px\mark}\ $ in scriptscriptstyle (medium font)


VARIABLE-SIZED DELIMITERS

When used with  \left  and  \right , these symbols expand to the height of the enclosed math expression.
They can also be used with \Bigg, \bigg, \Big, \big (or, the left/right/middle versions) to produce fixed-height large delimiters.
Each is illustrated below in sizes:   normal,  \big,  \Big,  \bigg,  \Bigg
(

class OPEN 		$(\ \ \big(\ \ \Big(\ \ \bigg(\ \ \Bigg( $ )

class CLOSE 		$)\ \ \big)\ \ \Big)\ \ \bigg)\ \ \Bigg) $
\lgroup

class OPEN 		$\lgroup\ \ \big\lgroup\ \ \Big\lgroup\ \ \bigg\lgroup\ \ \Bigg\lgroup $ \rgroup

class CLOSE 		$\rgroup\ \ \big\rgroup\ \ \Big\rgroup\ \ \bigg\rgroup\ \ \Bigg\rgroup $
[

class OPEN 		$[\ \ \big[\ \ \Big[\ \ \bigg[\ \ \Bigg[ $ ]

class CLOSE 		$]\ \ \big]\ \ \Big]\ \ \bigg]\ \ \Bigg] $
\{

class OPEN 		$\{\ \ \big\{\ \ \Big\{\ \ \bigg\{\ \ \Bigg\{ $ \}

class CLOSE 		$\}\ \ \big\}\ \ \Big\}\ \ \bigg\}\ \ \Bigg\} $
\uparrow

class REL 		$\uparrow\ \ \big\uparrow\ \ \Big\uparrow\ \ \bigg\uparrow\ \ \Bigg\uparrow $ \Uparrow

class REL 		$\Uparrow\ \ \big\Uparrow\ \ \Big\Uparrow\ \ \bigg\Uparrow\ \ \Bigg\Uparrow $
\downarrow

class REL 		$\downarrow\ \ \big\downarrow\ \ \Big\downarrow\ \ \bigg\downarrow\ \ \Bigg\downarrow $ \Downarrow

class REL 		$\Downarrow\ \ \big\Downarrow\ \ \Big\Downarrow\ \ \bigg\Downarrow\ \ \Bigg\Downarrow $
\updownarrow

class REL 		$\updownarrow\ \ \big\updownarrow\ \ \Big\updownarrow\ \ \bigg\updownarrow\ \ \Bigg\updownarrow $ \Updownarrow

class REL 		$\Updownarrow\ \ \big\Updownarrow\ \ \Big\Updownarrow\ \ \bigg\Updownarrow\ \ \Bigg\Updownarrow $
\langle

class OPEN 		$\langle\ \ \big\langle\ \ \Big\langle\ \ \bigg\langle\ \ \Bigg\langle $ \rangle

class CLOSE 		$\rangle\ \ \big\rangle\ \ \Big\rangle\ \ \bigg\rangle\ \ \Bigg\rangle $
<

class REL 		$<\ \ \big<\ \ \Big<\ \ \bigg<\ \ \Bigg< $ >

class REL 		$>\ \ \big>\ \ \Big>\ \ \bigg>\ \ \Bigg> $
|  or  \vert

class ORD 		$|\ \ \big|\ \ \Big|\ \ \bigg|\ \ \Bigg| $ \|  or  \Vert

class ORD 		$\|\ \ \big\|\ \ \Big\|\ \ \bigg\|\ \ \Bigg\| $
\arrowvert

class ORD 		$\arrowvert\ \ \big\arrowvert\ \ \Big\arrowvert\ \ \bigg\arrowvert\ \ \Bigg\arrowvert $ \Arrowvert

class PUNCT 		$\Arrowvert\ \ \big\Arrowvert\ \ \Big\Arrowvert\ \ \bigg\Arrowvert\ \ \Bigg\Arrowvert $
\bracevert

class ORD 		$\bracevert\ \ \big\bracevert\ \ \Big\bracevert\ \ \bigg\bracevert\ \ \Bigg\bracevert $    
\lceil

class OPEN 		$\lceil\ \ \big\lceil\ \ \Big\lceil\ \ \bigg\lceil\ \ \Bigg\lceil $ \rceil

class CLOSE 		$\rceil\ \ \big\rceil\ \ \Big\rceil\ \ \bigg\rceil\ \ \Bigg\rceil $
\lfloor

class OPEN 		$\lfloor\ \ \big\lfloor\ \ \Big\lfloor\ \ \bigg\lfloor\ \ \Bigg\lfloor $ \rfloor

class CLOSE 		$\rfloor\ \ \big\rfloor\ \ \Big\rfloor\ \ \bigg\rfloor\ \ \Bigg\rfloor $
/

class ORD 		$/\ \ \big/\ \ \Big/\ \ \bigg/\ \ \Bigg/ $ \backslash

class ORD 		$\backslash\ \ \big\backslash\ \ \Big\backslash\ \ \bigg\backslash\ \ \Bigg\backslash $
\lmoustache

class OPEN 		$\lmoustache\ \ \big\lmoustache\ \ \Big\lmoustache\ \ \bigg\lmoustache\ \ \Bigg\lmoustache $ \rmoustache

class CLOSE 		$\rmoustache\ \ \big\rmoustache\ \ \Big\rmoustache\ \ \bigg\rmoustache\ \ \Bigg\rmoustache $


BIG OPERATORS

For some of these operators (as indicated in the table), default limit positions can be changed using the  \limits  and  \nolimits  commands.
Both commands should follow immediately after the base symbol to which they apply. For example, compare:
\coprod_{i=1}^n
(inline mode)		 \coprod\limits_{i=1}^n
(inline mode)		 \coprod_{i=1}^n
(display mode)		 \coprod\nolimits_{i=1}^n
(display mode)
$\coprod_{i=1}^n$ $\coprod\limits_{i=1}^n$ $\displaystyle\coprod_{i=1}^n$ $\displaystyle\coprod\nolimits_{i=1}^n$
operator name default inline mode behavior inline with  \limits  default display mode behavior display with  \nolimits
(unless otherwise indicated)
\arccos, \arcsin, \arctan
do not change size;
default limit placement is the same in both inline and display modes;
can change limit placement using  \limits 		$\arccos_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\arccos\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\arccos_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ display with  \limits

$\displaystyle\arccos\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$
\arg

does not change size;
default limit placement is the same in both inline and display modes;
can change limit placement using  \limits 		$\arg_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\arg\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\arg_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ display with  \limits

$\displaystyle\arg\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$
\bigcap, \bigcup

both change size;
can change limit placement using  \limits  and  \nolimits 		$\bigcap_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\bigcap\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\bigcap_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\bigcap\nolimits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$
\bigodot, \bigoplus, \bigotimes

all change size;
can change limit placement using  \limits  and  \nolimits 		$\bigodot_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\bigodot\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\bigodot_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\bigodot\nolimits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$
\bigsqcup

changes size;
can change limit placement using  \limits  and  \nolimits 		$\bigsqcup_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\bigsqcup\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\bigsqcup_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\bigsqcup\nolimits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$
\biguplus

changes size;
can change limit placement using  \limits  and  \nolimits 		$\biguplus_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\biguplus\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\biguplus_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\biguplus\nolimits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$
\bigvee, \bigwedge

both change size;
can change limit placement using  \limits  and  \nolimits 		$\bigvee_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\bigvee\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\bigvee_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\bigvee\nolimits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$
\coprod

changes size;
can change limit placement using  \limits  and  \nolimits 		$\coprod_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\coprod\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\coprod_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\coprod\nolimits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$
\cos, \sin, \tan, \sec, \cot, \csc
\cosh, \sinh, \tanh, \coth
do not change size;
default limit placement is the same in both inline and display modes;
can change limit placement using  \limits 		$\cos_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\cos\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\cos_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ display with  \limits

$\displaystyle\cos\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$
\deg

does not change size;
default limit placement is the same in both inline and display modes;
can change limit placement using  \limits 		$\deg_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\deg\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\deg_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ display with  \limits

$\displaystyle\deg\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$
\det

does not change size;
can change limit placement using  \limits  and  \nolimits  		$\det_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\det\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\det_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\det\nolimits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$
\dim

does not change size;
default limit placement is the same in both inline and display modes;
can change limit placement using  \limits 		$\dim_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\dim\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\dim_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ display with  \limits

$\displaystyle\dim\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$
\exp

does not change size;
default limit placement is the same in both inline and display modes;
can change limit placement using  \limits 		$\exp_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\exp\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\exp_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ display with  \limits

$\displaystyle\exp\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$
\gcd

does not change size;
can change limit placement using  \limits  and  \nolimits		 $\gcd_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\gcd\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\gcd_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\gcd\nolimits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$
\hom

does not change size;
default limit placement is the same in both inline and display modes;
can change limit placement using  \limits 		$\hom_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\hom\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\hom_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ display with  \limits

$\displaystyle\hom\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$
\idotsint

changes size;
can change limit placement using  \limits 		$\idotsint_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\idotsint\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\idotsint_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ display with  \limits

$\displaystyle\idotsint\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$
\iiiint, \iiint, \iint, \int

all change size;
can change limit placement using  \limits;
common behavior is illustrated here using  \iint 		$\iint_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\iint\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\iint_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ display with  \limits

$\displaystyle\iint\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$
\intop

changes size;
can change limit placement using  \limits  and  \nolimits 		$\intop_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\intop\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\intop_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\intop\nolimits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$
\inf, \sup

do not change size;
can change limit placement using  \limits  and  \nolimits		 $\inf_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\inf\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\inf_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\inf\nolimits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$
\injlim, \varinjlim

do not change size;
can change limit placement using  \limits  and  \nolimits		 $\injlim_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\injlim\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\injlim_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\injlim\nolimits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$
\ker

does not change size;
default limit placement is the same in both inline and display modes;
can change limit placement using  \limits 		$\ker_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\ker\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\ker_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ display with  \limits

$\displaystyle\ker\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$
\lg

does not change size;
default limit placement is the same in both inline and display modes;
can change limit placement using  \limits 		$\lg_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\lg\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\lg_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ display with  \limits

$\displaystyle\lg\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$
\lim, \liminf, \limsup, \varliminf, \varlimsup

do not change size;
can change limit placement using  \limits  and  \nolimits		 $\lim_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\lim\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\lim_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\lim\nolimits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$
\ln, \log

does not change size;
default limit placement is the same in both inline and display modes;
can change limit placement using  \limits 		$\ln_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\ln\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\ln_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ display with  \limits

$\displaystyle\ln\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$
\max, \min

do not change size;
can change limit placement using  \limits  and  \nolimits		 $\max_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\max\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\max_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\max\nolimits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$
\oint

changes size;
can change limit placement using  \limits 		$\oint_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\oint\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\oint_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ display with  \limits

$\displaystyle\oint\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$
\Pr

does not change size;
can change limit placement using  \limits  and  \nolimits  		$\Pr_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\Pr\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\Pr_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\Pr\nolimits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$
\prod

changes size;
can change limit placement using  \limits  and  \nolimits 		$\prod_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\prod\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\prod_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\prod\nolimits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$
\projlim, \varprojlim

does not change size;
can change limit placement using  \limits  and  \nolimits  		$\projlim_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\projlim\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\projlim_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\projlim\nolimits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$
\sum

changes size;
can change limit placement using  \limits  and  \nolimits 		$\sum_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\sum\limits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\sum_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$ $\displaystyle\sum\nolimits_{\rm sub}^{\rm sup}$